Many products commonly found in the home are legally considered pesticides, even though they may not be sold in the traditional “bug spray” aisle. A pesticide is any substance used to prevent, destroy, repel, or control pests. Because these materials can affect people, pets, and the indoor environment, safe and informed use is important, especially in homes with children, older adults, or pets.
Boric acid and borax are often used for ants, cockroaches, and silverfish. They work by damaging insects’ digestive systems but are low in toxicity to humans when used correctly. Apply only in thin layers in cracks and crevices, never as piles, and keep away from children and pets.
Diatomaceous earth (DE), when labeled for pest control and marked “food grade,” is another common household pesticide. It kills insects by drying them out. Use sparingly in dry areas such as wall voids or under appliances and avoid breathing the dust by wearing a mask during application.
Soaps and detergents are also pesticides when used to kill insects. Simple solutions of liquid dish soap and water can control aphids or indoor insects. Use mild, unscented soap, mix carefully, and never apply to delicate surfaces without testing first.
Essential oils such as peppermint, clove, cedar, and lavender are often used as repellents. While “natural,” they are still pesticides and can irritate skin, lungs, or pets if overused. Always dilute properly and avoid diffusers around cats and birds.
Vinegar and alcohol are sometimes used for ants or cleaning pest trails. These should be applied directly and never mixed with other products.
Key safety practices include reading labels, using the smallest effective amount, storing products securely, and never combining substances. Even low-toxicity pesticides work best as part of an integrated approach that includes sanitation, moisture control, and sealing entry points.